pathways, February 2010
The Catholic Religious Australian National Assembly will meet in Hobart later this year under the theme, Commitment to ecology and the following of Jesus.
PAT McCARTHY* speaks with Columban Paul Finlayson who knows the tension and personal danger when long-term economic and ecological considerations clash ...
Three rivers flow down the slopes of Mt Pinukis, their waters giving life to rice and corn crops, and fish farms in the surrounding bays.
To the Subanen tribe of Western Mindanao in the Philippines, this dormant volcano is their sacred mountain. To mining companies, it is a potential supply of iron ore, manganese and gold.
To Fr Paul Finlayson (
pictured), a Columban missionary in the Philippines for most of the past 34 years, opencast mining on Mt Pinukis would be like cutting into the heart of Western Mindanao - the heart that pumps water for four million people in three provinces, providing a livelihood for them and future generations. For Catholics, even the sacraments are integrated into this environment. Water for Baptism comes from the irrigation canals; oil for anointing and Baptism comes from the forests.
Interviewed shortly before returning to the Philippines after almost two years home in New Zealand, the quietly-spoken Columban admitted he is passionate about creation and protecting the environment.
An outdoors man who grew up with beach and farm holidays, tramping, canoeing and planting trees, he gained "a sense of creation and a sense of the forests, rivers and mountains".
"My charism," he said, "is I like the land and the soil and plants and farmers."
For his most recent six years in Western Mindanao, Fr Paul was the only priest in San Jose (St Joseph) parish, Midsalip, with 15,000 parishioners.
"One of the key parts of being in that parish was protecting the environment," he said. "The Philippines population is now 93 or 94 million people and probably in the year 2020 it might be 125 million, so protecting food resources is key."
Unfortunately, Fr Paul said, the Philippines Government sees mining the country's rich mineral resources as the way to economic recovery, on the model of Chile. The mining laws look good on paper, requiring the "free and prior informed consent" of indigenous people. The practice is different.
Fr Paul said mining companies broke existing tribal structures and used bribes to set up their own tribal leaders who would agree to mining. And while the Department of Environment and Natural Resources was responsible for protecting the environment, it was also responsible for facilitating mining.
He said once mining companies had the minerals they wanted, they would disappear.
"The indigenous people would have to evacuate and become ecological or environmental evacuees because their land could no longer support farming and water would be gone."
Opposition to mining is multi-faceted.
Submissions to government departments, senators and United Nations bodies point out that mining projects are ecologically unsustainable. Networking connects environmentalists, university personnel and sympathetic government employees.
Videos of mining experiences in other parts of the country are shown to local communities. Local people are taken to visit areas that have been mined, to learn first-hand of the effects on water systems, crops, fishing and children's health.
A major development followed a 2006 visit by the British MP Clare Short on a fact-finding mission.
"She came twice to Midsalip," said Fr Paul. "She said to me, 'What can I do to be of help to you in this area?'
"I said to her, 'I want to do a spacial mapping of the area and if you can help that would be a great contribution'."
Two world-ranking environmental experts, Robert Goodland and Clive Wicks, arrived. Their 273-page report, Philippines: Mining or Food?, incorporating spacial mapping by satellites, was published in 2008.
"They said if we could stop the mining our irrigation system for the rice would have water for the next thousand years, but if the mining began we would have water for only seven years," Fr Paul said.
The authors acknowledged the courage of Catholic "bishops, priests, sisters and pastoral workers" in opposing the destruction caused by mining.
Fr Paul said mining companies employed paramilitary forces to protect their operations. He did not want to talk about any personal threat -- "A lot of people are more vulnerable than I am" -- but acknowledged he continually changed the time he went out on his motorbike.
As for his own attitude to mining, Fr Paul said: "... I would say I am anti-mining in key resource areas because a lot of the areas of biodiversity and mountain ranges are key to the food chain. My personal opinion is that I don't think mining is the way forward in the Philippines. If we were mining, there would be a certain amount of dollars that would coming in, but in the long term economically it is a bad decision."
Fr Paul said his outlook has been particularly influenced by two ecological theologians, American Thomas Berry and Australian Denis Edwards**.
"I was happy to see his strong stance in terms of our responsibility in our moral and ethical position in terms of future generations. They have a right to the resources," he said.
"He also mentions the emphasis on creation as being God's gift to all peoples and through the gifts we have a sense of God's care and God's love for us through that creation.
"I would say more so, that the creation is also really the basic sacrament that gives meaning to all the other sacraments - sacraments in the Church like reconciliation, and not only reconciliation within the family and within the communities or within our different cultures, but also religious traditions, and our reconciliation with the Earth."
